Table of Contents
What is the anatomy and physiology of hypertension?
Hypertension occurs when the body’s smaller blood vessels (the arterioles) narrow, causing the blood to exert excessive pressure against the vessel walls and forcing the heart to work harder to maintain the pressure.
What are the physiological effects of hypertension?
High blood pressure can damage your arteries by making them less elastic, which decreases the flow of blood and oxygen to your heart and leads to heart disease. In addition, decreased blood flow to the heart can cause: Chest pain, also called angina.
What is the pathophysiology of secondary hypertension?
Secondary hypertension is high blood pressure caused by another condition or disease. Conditions that may cause secondary hypertension include kidney disease, adrenal disease, thyroid problems and obstructive sleep apnea.
What are the mechanisms of vascular pathophysiology present because of hypertension?
This may be caused by a number of mechanisms, including endothelial dysfunction, narrowing of small arteries, microvascular rarefaction, perivascular fibrosis, altered wall mechanics, and relative myocyte hypertrophy.
What is the pathophysiology of hypotension?
Definition of Hypotension and its Causes For an adult, hypotension exists when the systolic pressure is less than 90 mmHg and the diastolic pressure is less than 60 mmHg. Hypotension reduces blood flow and therefore oxygen delivery to organs and tissues, which may cause cellular damage and dysfunction.
What is the mechanism of essential hypertension?
There are various mechanisms described for the development of hypertension which includes increased salt absorption resulting in volume expansion, an impaired response of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), increased activation of the sympathetic nervous system.
What causes hypertension?
Health conditions that can cause high blood pressure include:
- kidney disease.
- diabetes.
- long-term kidney infections.
- obstructive sleep apnoea – where the walls of the throat relax and narrow during sleep, interrupting normal breathing.
- glomerulonephritis – damage to the tiny filters inside the kidneys.
What causes essential hypertension?
Essential hypertension is a type of high blood pressure that has no clearly identifiable cause, but is thought to be linked to genetics, poor diet, lack of exercise and obesity. It is by far the most common form of high blood pressure, affecting the majority of those who experience hypertension.
What is hypostatic hypertension?
Orthostatic hypertension refers to an increase in the blood pressure upon assuming an upright posture. This clinical condition has been understudied and is often underappreciated in clinical practice probably because of its unfamiliarity to many clinicians including subspecialists.
What is the physiological response to a drop of blood pressure?
When blood pressure drops too low, the rate of baroreceptor firing decreases. This triggers an increase in sympathetic stimulation of the heart, causing cardiac output to increase. It also triggers sympathetic stimulation of the peripheral vessels, resulting in vasoconstriction.
What are three possible causes of hypertension?
Excess Sodium. According to the American Heart Association,excessive levels of salt (sodium) intake (more than 1,500-milligrams per day) can lead to high blood pressure,diabetes,and cardiovascular disease—regardless
What are the signs and symptoms of hypertension?
dizziness,
What are the basics of hypertension?
Hypertension Symptoms. Most people who have hypertension only develop symptoms when their condition progresses enough to cause damage.
What is the prognosis of hypertension?
Prognosis of Hypertension. Prognosis of Hypertension: The prognosis relies on the level of adherence to the treatment plan as well as the individual response to treatment. Deaths and Mortality Rates. Estimated mortality rate for Hypertension from prevalence and deaths statistics: 0.034\% (ratio of deaths to prevalence).