Table of Contents
What do you mean by duplicate gene?
Duplication = Duplication is a type of mutation that involves the production of one or more copies of a gene or region of a chromosome. Gene and chromosome duplications occur in all organisms, though they are especially prominent among plants. Gene duplication is an important mechanism by which evolution occurs.
What does gene duplication cause?
Gene duplications are an essential source of genetic novelty that can lead to evolutionary innovation. Duplication creates genetic redundancy, where the second copy of the gene is often free from selective pressure—that is, mutations of it have no deleterious effects to its host organism.
How do you duplicate genes?
Gene duplication is the process by which a region of DNA coding for a gene is copied. Gene duplication can occur as the result of an error in recombination or through a retrotransposition event. Duplicate genes are often immune to the selective pressure under which genes normally exist.
Is gene duplication good or bad?
Duplicate genes are not only redundant, but they can be bad for cells. Most duplicate genes accumulate mutations at high rates, which increases the chance that the extra gene copies will become inactive and lost over time due to natural selection.
What is duplicate gene Class 12?
The phenomena of duplicate dominant epistasis or duplicate gene action involve a dominant allele (it is an alternative form of a gene) that masks the expression of recessive alleles at two loci (it is a position on a chromosome where a gene is located).
What is collaborative gene?
1. Gene interactions: the collaborative efforts of two or more genes in. specifying the phenotype for a specific trait. Terms used to specify interactions between alleles of different genes: • no interaction – independent, additive contribution to phenotype.
When does the duplication of chromosomes occur?
interphase
DNA replication (and thus chromosome duplication) occurs during the interphase , the part of the cell cycle in which the cell is not dividing. It is important to know that the interphase is not part of mitosis.
What is an ortholog gene?
Orthologs are defined as genes in different species that have evolved through speciation events only.
What are different types of duplication?
Gene duplication can occur by several mechanisms, including whole-genome duplication (WGD) and single gene duplication. Single gene duplication includes four types, tandem (TD), proximal (PD), retrotransposed (RD), DNA-transposed (DD) and dispersed duplication (DSD) (Freeling, 2009; Hahn, 2009; Wang et al., 2012b).
What is the most common fate of a duplicated gene?
The most common fate for duplicate genes is the functional conservation of one paralog and non-functionalization of the other (Rensing, 2014) (Figure 4(a)).
What is duplicate gene with cumulative effect?
Two non-allelic genes have similar effect when they are separate, but produced enhanced effect when they come together. Such gene interaction is known as duplicate genes with cumulative effect.
Which of the following is an example for two gene interaction?
Multiple alleles, co-dominance and incomplete dominance are the examples of intragenic interactions.