Sage-Tips

What are the two types of skepticism?

There are two different categories of epistemological skepticism, which can be referred to as mitigated and unmitigated skepticism. The two forms are contrasting but are still true forms of skepticism.

What do you mean by positivism?

Positivism is the name for the scientific study of the social world. Its goal is to formulate abstract and universal laws on the operative dynamics of the social universe. A law is a statement about relationships among forces in the universe. In positivism, laws are to be tested against collected data systematically.

What is the meaning of empiricism in philosophy?

empiricism, in philosophy, the view that all concepts originate in experience, that all concepts are about or applicable to things that can be experienced, or that all rationally acceptable beliefs or propositions are justifiable or knowable only through experience.

What is critical theory in philosophy?

Critical theory is any approach to social philosophy that focuses on reflective assessment and critique of society and culture in order to reveal and challenge power structures. Horkheimer described a theory as critical insofar as it seeks “to liberate human beings from the circumstances that enslave them.”

What is skeptical hypothesis?

A skeptical hypothesis argument for moral skepticism attempts to show that we are not justified in believing any moral propositions (and thus do not know them) because our evidence doesn’t rule out certain contrary hypotheses, such as the moral nihilist’s claim that there are no moral facts.

What is a total skeptic?

Skepticism is the view that we cannot know anything about the world with certainty. Total skepticism, by contrast, is the belief that nothing can be known, such as when a person might reject even the evidence an astronomer gathers related to asteroids.

What is Interpretivism sociology?

A sociological approach that emphasizes the need to understand or interpret the beliefs, motives, and reasons of social actors in order to understand social reality.

What is positivism and Postpositivism?

Positivism is an epistemological position that holds that the goal of knowledge is simply to describe the phenomena that we experience. Postpositivism recognizes that the way scientists think and work and the way we think in our everyday life are not distinctly different. …

What is scientific empiricism?

Empiricism in the philosophy of science emphasizes evidence, especially as discovered in experiments. It is a fundamental part of the scientific method that all hypotheses and theories must be tested against observations of the natural world rather than resting solely on a priori reasoning, intuition, or revelation.

What is empiricist and rationalist?

Rationalism is the viewpoint that knowledge mostly comes from intellectual reasoning, and empiricism is the viewpoint that knowledge mostly comes from using your senses to observe the world.

How does a critical thinker think through a problem?

In thinking through a problem, the critical thinker does all of the following except: a raises vital questions b gathers information that supports his/her presuppositions c thinks open-mindedly d reaches well-reasoned conclusions b second-order thinking Another term for critical thinking is a first-order thinking

Which creative style best describes people who concentrate on problem-solving?

The creative style that best describes people who are systematic, concentrate on problem-solving, and rely on data is: innovative The steps of problem solving include all of the following except: try many different strategies at once When you evaluate your ideas or the ideas of others, you are engaging in:

Do the same old ways of thinking get the same result?

The same old ways of thinking get the same old result. Barry Boyce profiles a few visionary professionals who are carving out a new way of seeing and working in the world. In 1988, Kurt Schmoke, the young firebrand mayor of Baltimore, shocked the U.S. Conference of Mayors by proposing the decriminalization of drugs.

What is the opposite of intellectual conformity?

The opposite of intellectual conformity is intellectual autonomy. c It relies on intuition. Second-order thinking is first-order thinking that is consciously realized (i.e., analyzed, assessed, and reconstructed). First-order thinking relies on intuition rather than reasoned thought.