Table of Contents
How does HBV infect?
When the virus enters the body of a new host it’s initial response, if it’s gets past the immune system, is to infect a liver cell. To do this the virus attaches to a liver cells membrane and the core particle enters the liver cell.
What activates HBV?
You can get hepatitis B by having unsafe sex, sharing unsterile piercing or drug injecting equipment, or engaging in other activities where the blood or body fluids of an infected person enters the bloodstream of an uninfected person. The virus may also be passed from a pregnant mother to her baby.
How does HBV enter the cell?
After binding to the hepatocyte via NTCP, HBV must enter the cell. This entry is thought to occur via endocytosis. However, the detailed mechanisms by which NTCP mediates HBV entry remain to be determined. It also remains unclear whether HBV interacts with other receptors during cell penetration.
What is Ntcp receptor?
Aliases. SLC10A1, NTCP, solute carrier family 10 member 1, FHCA2. External IDs. OMIM: 182396 MGI: 97379 HomoloGene: 31126 GeneCards: SLC10A1. showGene location (Human)
What cells does HBV infect?
One of the reasons for chronic HBV infections is that the virus causes chronic, noncytocidal infections of hepatocytes, the principal cell type of the liver. Hepatocytes continuously shed virus into the bloodstream, ensuring that 100\% of the hepatocyte population is infected.
Does HBV infect hepatocytes?
Indeed, humans are the only natural hosts of HBV infection, and the hepatocyte is the only target cell that is susceptible for infection and where viral replication takes place.
Where is HBV found?
Hepatitis B virus can be found in the blood and, to a lesser extent, saliva, semen and other body fluids of an infected person. It is spread by direct contact with infected body fluids; usually by needle stick injury or sexual contact. Hepatitis B virus is not spread by casual contact.
Where is hepatitis B commonly found?
The highest rates of chronic hepatitis B infection in the United States occur among foreign-born individuals, especially people born in Asia, the Pacific Islands, and Africa. Approximately 70\% of cases in the United States are among people who were born outside of the United States.
What is Hep B surface AB?
The hepatitis B surface antibody test (HBsAb), looks for antibodies that your immune system makes in response to the surface protein of the hepatitis B virus. The hepatitis B surface antibody is also referred to as anti-HBs and should not be confused with HBsAg, which stands for hepatitis B surface antigen.
What is sodium taurocholate Cotransporting polypeptide?
Sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) is a carrier protein in the basolateral membrane of the hepatocyte to uptake bile acids from plasma, playing a crucial role in the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids (Hagenbuch and Dawson, 2004).
What is Ntcp transporter?
NTCP is a sodium-dependent uptake transporter expressed on the basolateral (blood-side) membrane of hepatocytes. It is primarily responsible for the uptake of bile acids from the sinusoids. As it is also an important hepatic bile acid transporter, inhibition by drugs may be relevant to hepatotoxicity.
What type of cell does HBV and HCV infection?
Table 1
| Characteristics | Hepatitis B virus | Hepatitis C virus |
|---|---|---|
| Family | Hepadnaviridae | Flaviviridae |
| Host cell | Hepatocyte | Hepatocyte |
| Viral entry factors | Sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide | Low density lipoprotein receptor, scavenger receptor class B type I, CD81, occludin, claudin-1 |
| Clinical features |