Table of Contents
Why different liquids flows at different speed?
Flow rate can be expressed in either terms of cross sectional area and velocity, or volume and time. Because liquids are incompressible, the rate of flow into an area must equal the rate of flow out of an area. For example, if the area of a pipe is halved, the velocity of the fluid will double.
Which layer of liquid flows with highest velocity?
When water is flowing through a pipe water layers in contact with bottom layers of pipe will have lowest velocity and water layer just below the top of inner layer of pipe will have highest velocity.
Does the surface affect flow rate?
When liquids flow over solid surfaces, their flow velocity in the immediate vicinity of the surface is zero. ‘By specially coating the surface, the boundary layer velocity can be increased. This also has the effect of reducing the shear forces within the liquid and of increasing its mean flow velocity.
What factors affect the flow rate of a fluid?
Factors that affect fluid flow
- The viscosity, density, and velocity of the fluid.
- Changes in the fluid temperature will change the viscosity & density of the fluid.
- The length, inner diameter, and in the case of turbulent flow, the internal roughness of the pipe.
Why does liquid flow continuously?
Like the particles of a solid, particles in a liquid are subject to intermolecular attraction; however, liquid particles have more space between them, so they are not fixed in position. The attraction between the particles in a liquid keeps the volume of the liquid constant.
What does flow speed depend upon?
In other words, speed increases when cross-sectional area decreases, and speed decreases when cross-sectional area increases. Figure 2. When a tube narrows, the same volume occupies a greater length. If the fluid flows in the opposite direction, its speed will decrease when the tube widens.
Do liquids flow at the same rate or speed?
Liquid is distinguished from solid because of its ability to flow. Not all liquids flow at the same rate. For example, honey flows at a much slower rate than water.
Why do liquids flow when left in the open?
The forces between liquid particles are weaker than the forces between solid particles. This means that liquid particles are further apart and can move about more easily. Since the particles can move, the liquid can flow and take the shape of its container.
Why do liquids have different viscosities?
Viscosity is governed by the strength of intermolecular forces and especially by the shapes of the molecules of a liquid. Liquids whose molecules are polar or can form hydrogen bonds are usually more viscous than similar nonpolar substances. Liquids containing long molecules are invariably very viscous.
What are the factors that affect the flow pattern?
Flow patterns in a fluid (gas or liquid) depend on three factors: the characteristics of the fluid, the speed of flow, and the shape of the solid surface. Three characteristics of the fluid are of special importance: viscosity, density, and compressibility.
Why do gases and liquids flow differently?
The atoms and molecules in gases are much more spread out than in solids or liquids. They vibrate and move freely at high speeds. A gas will fill any container, but if the container is not sealed, the gas will escape.
Do all liquids flow at the same rate?