Sage-Tips

Which of the following is correct with respect to i effect of substituents?

I effect is related to the ability of substituent for the electron attraction capacity from the attached carbon atom. i.e. it is based on electronegativity of an atom. This effect increases with increase in the electronegativity of an atom. From above we can conclude that options (b) and (c ) are correct.

Which of the following is in correct order of plus i effect?

−COO−>−O−>−N−H>−C−H2.

Which of the following is correct with respect to i effect of the?

How do you arrange in increasing order of stability?

1 Answer

1. The correct option is : (a) 5 < 4 < 3 < 1 < 2.
2. Explanation:
3. Greater the number of electron donating alkyl groups (+I effect), greater is the stability of carbocations.
4. +I effect is in the order :
5. Hence the order of stability of carbocations is.
6. 5 < 4 < 3 < 1 < 2.

How do you find the M effect?

The mesomeric effect is negative (–M) when the substituent is an electron-withdrawing group and the effect is positive (+M) when the substituent is an electron donating group. The net electron flow from or to the substituent is determined also by the inductive effect.

What is an example of an order effect?

In survey research, for example, people may answer questions differently depending on the order in which the questions are asked. However, order effects are of special concern in within-subject designs; that is, when the same participants are in all conditions and the researcher wants to compare responses between conditions.

Does the Order in which conditions are presented affect the results?

The problem is that the order in which the conditions are presented may affect the outcome of the study. Order effects occur for many reasons. Practice effects occur when participants warm up or improve their performance over time.

What are order effects in research paper?

>>>Order Effects. Order effects refer to differences in research participants’ responses that result from the order (e.g., first, second, third) in which the experimental materials are presented to them. Order effects can occur in any kind of research.

What is the difference between resonance and -I effect?

Groups that have -I effect on a molecule decrease its electron density, making the molecule electron deficient and more acidic. Resonance is the bonding of multiple Lewis structures within a molecule as a result of a double bond formed with equal probability between different atoms. For example, ozone (O 3) has resonance forms.