Table of Contents
What caused the decline of the Qing dynasty?
After more than a century of Western humiliation and harassment, the Qing dynasty collapsed in the early 1900s. Internal changes played a major role in the downfall of the Qing dynasty, including: corruption, peasant unrest, ruler incompetence, and population growth which led to food shortages and regular famine.
How was China affected by its imperial expansion under the Qing dynasty?
Under the Qing dynasty the territory of the Chinese empire expanded greatly, and the population grew from some 150 million to 450 million. Many of the non-Chinese minorities within the empire were Sinicized, and an integrated national economy was established.
What did the British gain as a result of the Treaty of Nanjing?
In the Treaty of Nanjing that ended the First Opium War in 1842, Britain made China pay a huge indemnity (payment for losses in the war). Britain also gained Hong Kong; The Treaty of Nanjing is the treaty which marked the end of the First Opium War and would have a lasting effect on East -West relations.
Who ended the Qing Dynasty?
1911 Revolution
| Date | 10 October 1911 – 12 February 1912 (4 months and 2 days) |
|---|---|
| Result | Revolutionarist victory Abdication of the Xuantong Emperor Fall of the Qing dynasty End of Imperial China Establishment of the Republic of China Destabilization of China De facto independence of Outer Mongolia and Tibet (until 1951) |
Why did the Qing empire expand?
The Qing were almost constantly fighting until the mid-1700s. They expanded their rule into Outer Mongolia, Tibet, and Xinjiang . The expansion of Qing rule was driven partly by a long war with the Dzungar Khanate , a nomadic Mongol state. Over 25 years, two Qing emperors sought to finally defeat the Dzungars.
When did the Qing Dynasty make peace with Britain?
29 August 1842
Treaty of Nanking
| Treaty of Peace, Friendship, and Commerce Between Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain and Ireland and the Emperor of China | |
|---|---|
| Signed | 29 August 1842 |
| Location | Nanking, Qing China |
| Effective | 26 June 1843 |
| Condition | Exchange of ratifications |
What are three ways the British benefited from the Treaty of Nanjing?
The Treaty of Nanjing
- Repay the British for the opium the government had destroyed.
- Give Great Britain the city of Hong Kong.
- Open five ports where the British could both trade and live.
- Place a very low tariff on all British goods.
How did the Qing rule the areas they conquered?
The Qing had different systems of rule for different areas of their empire. They made a distinction between the interior (direct rule), where the Han lived, and the outer regions (indirect rule), occupied by Manchus , Mongols , Muslims and Tibetans . They conquered China and founded the Qing dynasty.
How did the Opium War affect the Qing dynasty?
The ease with which the British had defeated the Chinese armies seriously affected the Qing dynasty’s prestige. This contributed to the Taiping Rebellion (1850-64). For the victors, the Opium War paved the way for the opening up of the Chinese market. In 1879, the British fought a war against the Zulu kingdom.
What countries did the Qing dynasty claim to be China?
The emperors equated the lands of the Qing state (including present-day Northeast China, Xinjiang, Mongolia, Tibet and other areas) as “China” in both the Chinese and Manchu languages, defining China as a multi-ethnic state, and rejecting the idea that “China” only meant Han areas.
Why did the British take Hong Kong from China?
China is simple, it was. The British took “trade posts” and territories from China in the first Opium war which led to the founding of Hong Kong. The second Opium war was a full on invasion by western powers wanting to protect their economic interests in China.
Why didn’t the British Empire colonize China and Japan?
In ways they did, but the primary problem was they were already busy colonizing Australia, New Zealand, the British Raj, and Africa. Along with this vast amount of prior engagement, China and Japan were far more stable and unified than what the European empires were used to colonizing.