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What caused Eyjafjallajökull explosive?
It is made up of basalt and andesite lavas. Most of Eyjafjallajökull’s historical eruptions have been known to be quite explosive as the volcano is fed by a magma chamber that rests under the mountain. Eyjafjallajökull erupted in the years 920 and 1612.
Why are Icelandic volcanoes explosive?
Iceland experiences frequent volcanic activity, due to its location both on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, a divergent tectonic plate boundary, and over a hot spot.
Is Eyjafjallajökull explosive?
It is a conical volcano built by many layers of hardened lava, tephra, pumice and volcanic ash. Strata volcanoes are among the most common volcanoes. Due to the glacier on top of Eyjafjallajokull eruptions are explosive and contain much ash.
Is Eyjafjallajökull effusive or explosive?
The effusive eruption is also referred to as the Fimmvörðuháls eruption and the explosive summit eruption as the Eyjafjallajökull eruption of 2010. The two eruptions are also sometimes referred to as a single eruption with different phases of activity.
How did e15 erupt?
The two plates are moving apart due to ridge push along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. As the plates move apart, magma fills the magma chamber below Eyjafjallajokull. The Eyjafjallajökull volcano erupted in 920, 1612 and again from 1821 to 1823 when it caused a glacial lake outburst flood (or jökulhlaup).
What plate boundary caused Eyjafjallajökull?
The island of Iceland is a part of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The diverging Eurasian and North American plates caused the eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull (in 2010) and Bardarbunga (in 2014).
When did Eyjafjallajokull last erupt?
14 April 2010
The area between the mountain and the present coast is a relatively flat strand, 2–5 km (1–3 mi) wide, called Eyjafjöll. The Eyjafjallajökull volcano last erupted on 14 April 2010 in Iceland.
Why are Hawaiian volcanoes not explosive?
Typical activity: “nonexplosive” or weakly explosive Hawaiian eruptions are typically gentle because their lava is highly fluid and thus tends to flow freely both beneath the surface and upon eruption. Highly fluid lava favors the nonviolent release of the expanding volcanic gases that drive eruptions.
When was the last volcanic eruption in Iceland?
In 2010 the eruption of Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajökull forced hundreds of homes to be evacuated and created an enormous cloud of volcanic ash that disrupted air travel across Europe. “It’s a perfect tourist eruption,” Thorvaldur Thordarson, volcanology professor at the University of Iceland, said.
How did Iceland respond to Eyjafjallajökull?
Iceland responded by declaring a state of emergency and European airspace was closed as a safety precaution. In order to reopen air space and reduce the economic impacts and disruption to travellers, the National Centre for Atmospheric Science was called in to map the volcanic plume.
What type of lava does Eyjafjallajökull have?
Eyjafjallajokull volcano is considered a stratovolcano. What this means is that it’s a conical volcano built over time by layers of various volcanic materials. Black hardened lava, volcanic ash, pumice rock, and tephra fragments all combine to form different stratified colors and textures.