Table of Contents
- 1 How are fatty acids and glycerol transported to the liver?
- 2 How do fatty acids and glycerol get absorbed from the gut?
- 3 How do fatty acids get to the liver?
- 4 How do triglycerides enter your body through your digestive system How are they transported within the body and in which organ are they first processed?
- 5 How are fatty acids transported?
How are fatty acids and glycerol transported to the liver?
The glycerol is passively transported out of the adipocyte and into the bloodstream by Aquaporin-7 (AQP7) located in the plasma membrane of adipocytes. Glycerol in the bloodstream is passively transported into liver cells by AQP9 located in the plasma membrane of hepatocytes.
How are glycerol and fatty acids transported?
An enzyme, lipoproteinlipase (LPL), is secreted by the adipocytes into the fluid surrounding each cell where it breaks down the triglycerides into free fatty acids and glycerol. The fatty acids are then transported across the adipocyte membrane into the cytoplasm of the cell.
How do fatty acids and glycerol get absorbed from the gut?
In the stomach fat is separated from other food substances. In the small intestines bile emulsifies fats while enzymes digest them. The intestinal cells absorb the fats. Long-chain fatty acids form a large lipoprotein structure called a chylomicron that transports fats through the lymph system.
How are fatty acids transported to the liver?
In general, fatty acids which have a chain length of less than 14 carbons enter directly into the portal vein system and are transported to the liver. Fatty acids with 14 or more carbons are re-esterified within the enterocyte and enter the circulation via the Iymphatic route as chylomicrons.
How do fatty acids get to the liver?
Fatty acids accrue in liver by hepatocellular uptake from the plasma and by de novo biosynthesis. Fatty acids are eliminated by oxidation within the cell or by secretion into the plasma within triglyceride-rich very low density lipoproteins.
How are fatty acids transported in the body?
The main plasma lipid transport forms are free fatty acid, triglyceride and cholesteryl ester. Free fatty acid, derived primarily from adipocyte triglycerides, is transported as a physical complex with plasma albumin. Triglycerides and cholesteryl esters are transported in the core of plasma lipoproteins.
How do triglycerides enter your body through your digestive system How are they transported within the body and in which organ are they first processed?
Fats ingested in the diet are digested in the small intestine. The triglycerides are broken down into monoglycerides and free fatty acids, then imported across the intestinal mucosa. Once across, the triglycerides are resynthesized and transported to the liver or adipose tissue.
How are triglycerides transported?
Triglycerides and cholesteryl esters are transported in the core of plasma lipoproteins. The intestine secretes dietary fat in chylomicrons, lipoproteins that transport triglyceride to tissues for storage. Dietary cholesterol is transported to the liver by chylomicron remnants which are formed from chylomicrons.
How are fatty acids transported?
Fatty acids are transported in the blood as complexes with albumin or as esterified lipids in lipoproteins. These consist of a core of triacylglycerols and fatty acid esters of cholesterol, and a shell of a single layer of phospholipids interspersed with unesterified cholesterol.
What triggers the release of fatty acids from adipocytes and how are they transported into the liver for breakdown?
Fatty acids are released from adipose by hydrolysis of their stored form, triacylglycerol. Hydrolysis is initiated by activation of the hydrolytic enzyme, hormone sensitive lipase (HSL).