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What is bioremediation of xenobiotics?
The term ‘bioremediation’ means transformation of a chemical compound from highly complicated form (organic) to simple (inorganic) form through biological means. The major examples of xenobiotics are DDT and halogenated aromatic compounds because they pose hazardous impact on the atmosphere.
What is bioremediation an example of?
With the population increasing at an exponential rate, it’s imperative that our technologies and processes are kept up-to-date, and bioremediation is just one example of a biotech branch that combats pollutants and contaminants through various methods.
What is xenobiotics in microbiology?
Xenobiotics have been defined as chemicals to which an organism is exposed that are extrinsic to the normal metabolism of that organism. Without metabolism, many xenobiotics would reach toxic concentrations. Most metabolic activity inside the cell requires energy, cofactors, and enzymes in order to occur.
What is xenobiotic compound?
A xenobiotic (Greek, xenos “foreign”; bios “life”) is a compound that is foreign to a living organism. A xenobiotic is a chemical substance found within an organism that is not naturally produced or expected to be present within the organism.
Bioremediation is the a biological degrading processes for the treatment of contaminated soils, groundwater and/or sediments, relying on microorganisms including bacteria and/or fungi to use the contaminant(s) as a food source with resulting degradation of the contaminant.
What are the types of bioremediation?
Some of the most common types of bioremediation are microbial bioremediation, phytoremediation, and mycoremediation. However, the word bioremediation has evolved in recent years to include biohazard removal and crime scene cleanup services.
What are three examples of bioremediation?
3 Examples of Bioremediation
- Crime scene cleanup. Bioremediation in this sense involves the cleanup of blood and bodily fluids that can pose health risks such as hepatitis, HIV, and MRSA.
- The cleanup of contaminated soil.
- Oil spill cleanup.
Which of the following is an example of bioremediation answer?
The correct answer is D. The use of prokaryotes to treat sewage. An example of bioremediation is the use of prokaryotes to treat sewage….
What are natural xenobiotics?
Xenobiotics are chemicals found but not produced in organisms or the environment. Some naturally occurring chemicals (endobiotics) become xenobiotics when present in the environment at excessive concentrations. The “xeno” in “xenobiotics” comes from the Greek word xenos meaning guest, friend, or foreigner.
What are the characteristics of xenobiotic compounds?
The xenobiotic compounds are either not produced naturally, or are produced at much lower concentrations than man. Microorganism have the capability of degrading all naturally occurring compounds; this is known as the principle of microbial infallibility proposed by Alexander in 1965.
What are the objectives of biodegradation of xenobiotics?
However, there are two objectives in relation to biodegradation of xenobiotics: (i) how biodegradation activity arises, evolves and transferred among the members of soil microflora, and (ii) to device bioremediation methods for removing or detoxifying high concentration of dangerous pesticide residues (Gupta and Mukerji, 1998).
How do xenobiotics bind to soil organic matter?
Xenobiotics and soil organic matter (earlier: humic substances) can be bound covalently, and then the bioavailability of the xenobiotic decreases dramatically.2 Xenobiotics, e.g., phenolics may be bound to soil organic matter in several ways, but covalent binding via oxidative coupling is the most resistant to release.
Why are xenobiotic compounds recalcitrant to enzymes?
The xenobiotic compounds may be recalcitrant due to one or more of the following reasons: (i) They are not recognised as substrate by the existing degradative enzymes,