Table of Contents
How are proteins released from cell?
Soluble proteins are carried in the lumens of vesicles. In contrast, the proteins that will be secreted by a cell, such as insulin and EPO, are held in storage vesicles. When signaled by the cell, these vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane and release their contents into the extracellular space.
Why do different cells produce different proteins?
Gene regulation is how a cell controls which genes, out of the many genes in its genome, are “turned on” (expressed). These different patterns of gene expression cause your various cell types to have different sets of proteins, making each cell type uniquely specialized to do its job.
What part of the cell makes proteins?
ribosomes
The endoplasmic reticulum can either be smooth or rough, and in general its function is to produce proteins for the rest of the cell to function. The rough endoplasmic reticulum has on it ribosomes, which are small, round organelles whose function it is to make those proteins.
What happens to proteins after they are synthesized?
After being synthesized, the protein will be carried in a vesicle from the RER to the cis face of the Golgi (the side facing the inside of the cell). As the protein moves through the Golgi, it can be modified. From there, the vesicle can be targeted to a lysosome or targeted to the plasma membrane.
What route is used to make and export proteins from the cell?
IB BIOLOGY FALL FINAL REVIEW
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What route is used to export proteins from the cell? | Rough endoplasmic reticulum → Golgi apparatus → plasma membrane |
| What is a difference between cohesion and adhesion? | c:water to water a:water to other substances |
| Compare osmosis and diffusion | both passive; d: particles o:water |
What part of the cell serves to process package and export proteins?
A Golgi body, also known as a Golgi apparatus, is a cell organelle that helps process and package proteins and lipid molecules, especially proteins destined to be exported from the cell. Named after its discoverer, Camillo Golgi, the Golgi body appears as a series of stacked membranes.
Why is it important that cells are able to specialize?
Differentiated cells are important in a multicellular organism because they are able to perform a specialised function in the body. Multicellular organisms must therefore retain some unspecialised cells that can replenish cells when needed. These unspecialised cells are called stem cells.
How does a cell know which proteins should be destroyed How are these proteins destroyed?
The ones that are no longer needed or damaged. How does a cell know which proteins should be destroyed? Large protein complexes called proteasomes recognize the ones that have been tagged with the molecule ubiquitin.
What makes large quantities of proteins in the cells?
Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. Because proteins synthesis is an essential function of all cells, ribosomes are found in practically every cell. Ribosomes are particularly abundant in cells that synthesize large amounts of protein.
Which part of the cell is responsible for packaging and transporting substances made in the cell?
The Golgi apparatus
The Golgi apparatus is a set of flattened, membrane-bound sacs that serve as the packaging and distribution center of the cell.
How do large proteins enter the cell?
It is possible for large molecules to enter a cell by a process called endocytosis, where a small piece of the cell membrane wraps around the particle and is brought into the cell. If the particle is solid, endocytosis is also called phagocytosis.