Table of Contents
Which amino acid is replaced in sickle cell anemia What is the replaced amino acid?
In sickle cell anaemia, glutamic acid is replaced by valine.
What codon causes sickle cell anemia?
Sickle-cell anemia results from an A leads to T transversion in the second nucleotide of codon 6 of the beta-globin gene.
What happens when valine replaces glutamic acid?
Sickle cell hemoglobin (HbS) is caused by a mutation that replaces glutamic acid at residue 6 in β-globin with valine (β6 Glu → Val). This amino acid substitution leads to the formation of linear polymers of deoxygenated HbS.
When glutamic acid is replaced by valine in the protein hemoglobin?
In 1949, the discovery of the abnormal sickle cell hemoglobin protein (HbS) β-globin chain revealed a mutation where glutamic acid is replaced with a valine (β6Glu→Val). From this discovery came the pathophysiological mechanism based on the abnormal polymerization of deoxy-HbS.
Is glutamic acid hydrophobic or hydrophilic?
‘Polarity’
| Amino acid | Abbreviations | IMGT classes of the amino acids side chain properties [1] |
|---|---|---|
| Cysteine | Cys | hydrophobic (1) |
| Glutamine | Gln | hydrophilic (3) |
| Glutamic acid | Glu | hydrophilic (3) |
| Glycine | Gly | neutral (2) |
What are valine codes?
Codon-Amino Acid Abbreviations
| Codon | Full Name | Abbreviation (1 Letter) |
|---|---|---|
| GTT | Valine | V |
| GTC | Valine | V |
| GTA | Valine | V |
| GTG | Valine | V |
Why are sickle cells hydrophobic?
Sickle cell disease is associated with the inversion of one base pair (A = T → A = T). The sixth codon of the beta globin chain [GAA] becomes [GTA]. Accordingly, the sixth amino acid (glutamic acid, negatively charged) is replaced by valine, hydrophobic.
What is valine known for?
Valine is one of three branched-chain amino acids (the others are leucine and isoleucine) that enhance energy, increase endurance, and aid in muscle tissue recovery and repair. This group also lowers elevated blood sugar levels and increases growth hormone production.
Is glutamic acid polar or nonpolar?
‘Polarity’
| Amino acid | Abbreviations | |
|---|---|---|
| Glutamic acid | Glu | polar (1) |
| Glycine | Gly | nonpolar (2) |
| Histidine | His | polar (1) |
| Isoleucine | Ile | nonpolar (2) |
Is carbonyl hydrophobic or hydrophilic?
An example of a less hydrophilic group is the carbonyl group (C=O), an uncharged but polar (contains partial positive and partial negative charges) functional group. Carbonyls are found in many different biological molecules, including proteins, peptides, and carbohydrates.
Is serine polar or nonpolar?
Amino acids
| Amino acid | Single Letter Code | Polarity |
|---|---|---|
| proline | P | nonpolar |
| serine | S | polar |
| threonine | T | polar |
| tryptophan | W | nonpolar |