Table of Contents
What was used in place of cement?
Pulverised Fuel Ash (PFA), aka ‘Fly ash’ as a cement substitute. PFA is a by-product of coal-burning power stations. As part of the combustion process, coal is pulverised into a powder before being burned. About 18\% of the fuel forms fine glass spheres, about 75\% of which rise with the flue gases from the combustion.
What was used as cement in ancient India?
Mud and rice-husk mainly acted as a common ingredient. These houses were made up of either raw clay mixed with rice husk or clay blocks later plastered with mud or lime mortar.
What type of building materials did the people of ancient India use?
The major types of construction materials in ancient India were found to be clay, stones, mud bricks, lime, timber, etc. It can be claimed that even at that time engineers were aware of the properties and importance of the durability of construction material.
How were ancient temples built?
Early temples were made out of wood, but quality stone became the standard material around the 6th century BCE. They were held together with bronze dowels and clamps rather than mortar, and today they survive in a variety of different states, from nearly complete to mostly destroyed.
What is alternative cement?
The term “alternative cement clinker” as used here refers to a man-made mineral material that, when ground to a fine powder, is capable of reacting sufficiently rapidly with water and/or CO2 in such a way as to produce a hardened mass which can be used as the binder in a concrete or mortar and which will harden rapidly …
How was cement made in olden days?
The Egyptians used calcined gypsum as a cement and the Greeks and Romans used lime made by heating limestone and added sand to make mortar, with coarser stones for concrete. The Romans found that a cement could be made which set under water and this was used for the construction of harbours.
Which is the most common and oldest material used for building walls in India?
Clay Bricks – The Most Superior Building Material. Clay bricks are, first of all, ideal for the tropical climate like India. Consequently, it has also been the oldest known building material for its utility and high sustainability.
What was the first building material?
Wood: One of the first building materials, wood remains popular and is a renewable resource. Prehistoric shelters and fortifications often consisted of wood, and wooden logs likely served as the first bridges.
Why are temples made?
Temples were built for religious patronage. Muslims built mosques, Christians built Churches and Hindus built temples for their worship. They were also other structures for worship. Some rulers considered the destruction of temples of other religions shows their power.
What was common in the structure of the temples constructed during this period?
Garbhagriha: It literally means ‘womb-house’ and is a cave like a sanctum. Mandapa: It is the entrance to the temple. Shikhara or Vimana: They are mountain like the spire of a free-standing temple.
What is Ggbfs cement?
Slag cement or GGBFS is granulated blast-furnace slag that has been finely ground and that is hydraulic cement. Slags are classified into three grades (80, 100, and 120) based on their respective mortar strengths when blended with an equal mass of portland cement (ASTM C989).