Table of Contents
- 1 What part of the cell breaks down chemicals?
- 2 What breaks down toxins and poisons in a cell?
- 3 What do peroxisomes break down?
- 4 What is lysosome structure?
- 5 What does a vacuole do?
- 6 What do lysosomes and Golgi have in common?
- 7 Why can’t fat soluble toxins be excreted from the body?
- 8 What happens to the body when toxic substances are ingested?
What part of the cell breaks down chemicals?
Lysosomes
Lysosomes are vesicles that are formed by the Golgi apparatus. They contain powerful enzymes that could break down (digest) the cell. Lysosomes break down harmful cell products, waste materials, and cellular debris and then force them out of the cell.
What breaks down toxins and poisons in a cell?
Peroxisomes oversee reactions that neutralize free radicals, which cause cellular damage and cell death. Peroxisomes chemically neutralize poisons through a process that produces large amounts of toxic H2O2, which is then converted into water and oxygen.
What is a peroxisome?
Peroxisomes are small, membrane-enclosed organelles (Figure 10.24) that contain enzymes involved in a variety of metabolic reactions, including several aspects of energy metabolism.
What do lysosomes break down?
A lysosome is a membrane-bound cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes. They break down excess or worn-out cell parts. They may be used to destroy invading viruses and bacteria. If the cell is damaged beyond repair, lysosomes can help it to self-destruct in a process called programmed cell death, or apoptosis.
What do peroxisomes break down?
Peroxisomes break down organic molecules by the process of oxidation to produce hydrogen peroxide. This is then quickly converted to oxygen and water. Breaking down The enzymes in peroxisomes break down long chain fatty acids by the process of oxidation.
What is lysosome structure?
They have a simple structure; they are spheres made up of a lipid bilayer that encloses fluid that contains a variety of hydrolytic enzymes. Lysosomes are formed by budding off of the Golgi apparatus, and the hydrolytic enzymes within them are formed in the endoplasmic reticulum.
What is a cellular nucleus?
The nucleus is a highly specialized organelle that serves as the information processing and administrative center of the cell. A double-layered membrane, the nuclear envelope, separates the contents of the nucleus from the cellular cytoplasm.
What is a vesicle do?
Vesicles can help transport materials that an organism needs to survive and recycle waste materials. They can also absorb and destroy toxic substances and pathogens to prevent cell damage and infection.
What does a vacuole do?
A vacuole is a membrane-bound cell organelle. In animal cells, vacuoles are generally small and help sequester waste products. In plant cells, vacuoles help maintain water balance. Sometimes a single vacuole can take up most of the interior space of the plant cell.
What do lysosomes and Golgi have in common?
What do lysosomes and Golgi bodies have in common? They’re the twin “command centers” of the cell. They break down food and release energy. They’re examples of cell organelles.
How do harmful chemicals get into your body?
A certain amount of a harmful chemical must enter your body to make you sick. Harmful chemicals can get into your body if you breathe, eat, or drink them or if they are absorbed through your skin. This booklet explains some links between chemicals and other harmful substances and their possible health efects.
How do oxygen radicals cause damage to the body?
Elevated levels of oxygen radicals can generate a state of oxidative stress, which through various mechanisms leads to cell damage. Oxygen radicals also can interact with fat molecules (lipids) in the cell in a process known as lipid peroxidation, resulting in reactive molecules such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4–hydroxy–2–nonenal (HNE).
Why can’t fat soluble toxins be excreted from the body?
Fat soluble toxins, however, cannot be excreted without undergoing metabolic transformation (detoxification) in the liver so that they can become water soluble. Liver cells have sophisticated mechanisms to break down toxic substances.
What happens to the body when toxic substances are ingested?
If the production of toxic metabolites and the ingestion of toxic substances overwhelms the organs of detoxification and excretion, the body stores these substances in the connective tissues which become impeded in their important tasks of regulation and defense.