Table of Contents
Does hypoxia decrease protein synthesis?
Exposure of cells to hypoxia reduces the rate of protein synthesis and induces phosphorylation of eIF2α.
What happens when hypoxia develops?
The organs most affected by hypoxia are the brain, the heart, and the liver. If the hypoxia is severe, irreversible damage can begin within four minutes of the onset. Coma, seizures, and death may occur in severe cases. Chronic, milder hypoxia can also cause damage to the major organs of the body.
Is oxygen used for protein synthesis?
Protein synthesis, as the underlying biological process, is unavoidably affected by the regulation of oxygen delivery and utilization. It was found that 2\% of oxygen was the minimum requirement for protein synthesis.
How the perk kinase is activated and results in the inhibition of protein synthesis?
The unfolded protein response consists of 3 branches controlled by ER stress sensor proteins, which include PERK (protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase). Activated PERK phosphorylates eIF2α (eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha), resulting in inhibition of global protein synthesis.
What happens to glycolysis in hypoxia?
Under hypoxic conditions, whereby OXPHOS has become inhibited, a low level of ATP is produced which effectively decreases the ATP/AMP (adenosine monophosphate) ratio. This reduction in energy charge reduces the allosteric inhibition of ATP on glycolytic enzyme phosphofructokinase (PFK) (Henderson, 1969).
How does hypoxia affect homeostasis?
Prolonged hypoxia initiates a series of physiological responses over a time scale of hours to days to maintain O2 homeostasis. Examples include increased red blood cell production, formation of new blood vessels, and metabolic re-programming of cells, to name a few (72).
What is the main functional aspect of hypoxia?
hypoxia, in biology and medicine, condition of the body in which the tissues are starved of oxygen.
Which gas is used in protein synthesis?
Nitrogen is the gas which is used in protein systhesis.
How does the deadenylation dependent mRNA decay pathway work?
In the deadenylation dependent mRNA decay pathway, the polyA tail is gradually shortened by exonucleases. This ultimately attracts the degradation machinery that rapidly degrades the mRNA in both in the 5’ to 3’ direction and in the 3’ to 5’ direction.
What is hypoxia and hypoxemia?
Hypoxia is a state in which oxygen is not available in sufficient amounts at the tissue level to maintain adequate homeostasis; this can result from inadequate oxygen delivery to the tissues either due to low blood supply or low oxygen content in the blood (hypoxemia). NCBI Skip to main content
How is mRNA protected from degradation by exonucleases?
After export to the cytoplasm, mRNA is protected from degradation by a 5’ cap structure and a 3’ poly adenine tail. In the deadenylation dependent mRNA decay pathway, the polyA tail is gradually shortened by exonucleases.
How do reactive oxygen species induce K+ channel inhibition in hypoxia?
Under hypoxic conditions, the level of reactive oxygen species drops, thereby inducing K+channel inhibition.7,8The observation that neuroepithelial body cell K+currents recorded in neuroepithelial bodies derived from gp91phox(one of the subunits of NADPH oxidase) knockout mice were insensitive to hypoxia reinforce this hypothesis.9