Table of Contents
What is equipotential in hydrology?
An equipotential line, a line of constant head, may be used to form a constant head hydraulic boundary (Fig. 4.12), or specified flow rates may be calculated across the equipotential line and used to specify boundary flows.
What is equipotential line geology?
The equipotential lines connect points of equal head and the flow lines depict the interpreted groundwater flow path or flow direction. To construct a flow net for a site, measure the hydraulic head in wells across the site following the groundwater gauging procedures detailed previously in this section.
How do you find the hydraulic gradient of groundwater?
The hydraulic gradient is the change in total head divided the distance over which the change occurs. average pore water velocity v = -K/n(∆h/∆L) The average velocity of the water is the Darcy equation divided by the porosity of the sediment.
What are Flownets used for?
A flow net is a graphical representation of two-dimensional steady-state groundwater flow through aquifers. Construction of a flow net is often used for solving groundwater flow problems where the geometry makes analytical solutions impractical.
What does a negative hydraulic gradient mean?
A downward flow component is indicated if the gradient is negative, meaning the hydraulic head is less at depth. Conversely, an upward flow component is indicated if the gradient is positive, meaning the hydraulic head is greater at depth.
How do you read hydraulic conductivity?
Values to the right indicate saturated conductivity values. Values to the left indicate unsaturated values. The poorly structured clayey soil (lower line) has a saturated conductivity much lower than the sandy soil. This is because the clayey soil consists of small pores and the flow paths are more restricted.
What does a low hydraulic conductivity mean?
DEFINITIONS OF HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY In theoretical terms, hydraulic conductivity is a measure of how easily water can pass through soil or rock: high values indicate permeable material through which water can pass easily; low values indicate that the material is less permeable.