Sage-Tips

How does cyanide affect glycolysis?

It is well known that in yeast, particularly Saccharomyces cerevisiae, low concentrations of cyanide, between 100 and 300 μM, inhibit respiration without altering the glycolytic pathway, which is only inhibited at much higher concentrations, mainly by reacting with intermediaries of glycolysis (Meyerhof and Kaplan 1952 …

What happens if a cell is exposed to cyanide?

Cyanide poisons the mitochondrial electron transport chain within cells and renders the body unable to derive energy (adenosine triphosphate—ATP) from oxygen. Specifically, it binds to the a3 portion (complex IV) of cytochrome oxidase and prevents cells from using oxygen, causing rapid death.

How does cyanide affect active transport?

As a result, cyanide markedly decreases the peritubular potassium conductance, depolarizes the cell membranes and reduces the driving force for sodium coupled transport processes. Thus cyanide fully mimicks the effects of ouabain, although cyanide in contrast to ouabain is expected to deplete the cells from ATP.

What effect would cyanide have on ATP synthesis?

What affect would cyanide have on ATP synthesis? After cyanide poisoning, the electron transport chain can no longer pump electrons into the intermembrane space. The pH of the intermembrane space would increase, and ATP synthesis would stop.

Why is cyanide so fast acting ATP and cellular respiration?

Given what you know about ATP and cellular respiration, explain why cyanide is so fast acting. A: When cyanide is in the cell cyanide is damaging the portion of the electron transport chain that connects to oxygen. Then, ATP energy can’t be made.

Can artificial respiration or oxygenation save someone from cyanide?

Would artificial respiration or oxygenation have saved these people? No it would not work because it would not help the mitochondria. It would just add more oxygen into the body which is not needed because there is already excess.

How does respiration affect active transport?

Active transport is a process that is required to move molecules against a concentration gradient. The process requires energy. Energy for the process is acquired from the breakdown of glucose using oxygen in aerobic respiration. ATP is produced during respiration and releases the energy for active transport.

Which factors affect active transport?

The rate of active transport is affected by: The speed of individual carrier proteins – the faster they work, the faster the rate of active transport. The number of carrier proteins present – the more proteins there are, the faster the rate of active transport.

What part of cellular respiration does DNP and cyanide inhibit?

DNP gradually inhibits electron transport itself as it is incorporated into mitochondrial membranes. The effects appear to depend on concentration of DNP and of mitochondria, and vary from one preparation to the next.

What effect might Smoking cigarettes have on cellular respiration?

The smoke destroyed the mitochondria’s normal internal structure, and with it, their ability to carry out the reactions of the Krebs cycle (an elementary process in cell respiration) and the electron transport chain. Thus the cell is starved for ATP (energy carrier within the cell) energy and eventually dies.