Table of Contents
What is the function of steel Melting Shop?
Steel Melting Shop (SMS) receives Hot Metal (HM) from Iron-making units and converts it into various grades of Steel and casts them into Slabs, Blooms, Billets, Beam blanks, Rounds and thin slab- HR coils. Those are delivered as products to down-stream units (Long, Section & Flat Products).
How does steel industry work?
There are two main processes for producing steel: by means of a blast furnace (= indirect reduction) in combination with a converter, or by means of an electric furnace. In the former process, iron ore is the main raw material. In an electric furnace, scrap iron is used and occasionally also sponge iron.
What is a BOS plant?
BOS (Basic Oxygen Steelmaking) plant. Typically, a BOS plant has two or three converters available for converting iron to steel, with usually one or two in operation at a time and occasional operation of multiple converters simultaneously.
How do steel mills work?
Steel mills, also known as steelworks, are industrial factories that specialize in the production of steel. They typically smelt down iron and carbon, mixing the two together in a specific ratio to create steel.
What is tapping in steel making?
The BOS vessel is tilted towards the slagging side and the steel is poured through a tap hole into a steel ladle with basic refractory lining. This process is called tapping the steel. The steel is further refined in the ladle furnace, by adding alloying materials to impart special properties required by the customer.
What is cold rolling mill?
Cold Rolling is a continuous high speed deformation process, keeping the temperature below the crystallization point. The material produced after cold rolling can be sold as: Full hard: Cold rolled steel, without annealing and with a low ductility. It requires for use a later stage of annealing or galvanizing.
What is the function of STL in steel melting shops?
In present day steel melting shops STL functions as traveling components of skimming, rinsing, reheating, and degassing processes. The exposure time for a given heat in these shops has expanded from two to five times of the time earlier needed for ingot teeming.
What is the P level of scrap steel at melt-in?
In general, if low P level is a requirement for a particular steel grade, the scrap is selected to give a low level at melt-in. The partition of P in the slag to P in the bath ranges usually from 5 to 15. Generally P is reduced by 20 \% to 50 \% in the EAF. Sulphur is removed mainly as a sulphide dissolved in the slag.
What is the dominant steelmaking technology in the world?
About 67\% of the global crude steel total output is through the Basic Oxygen Furnace Steelmaking process and is recognized as the dominant steelmaking technology. In U.S alone the usage figure is 54\% and slowly declining due primarily to the advent of the “Greenfield” electric arc furnace (EAF) flat-rolled mills.
What is the difference between steel and iron making?
Steel is made in steel melting shop in the refractory lined vessels called LD Converters by blowing oxygen through the hot metal bath. While iron making is a reduction process, steel making is an oxidation process.