Sage-Tips

What is a problem encountered when expressing eukaryotic genes in bacteria?

One disadvantage of using an organism such as E. coli for expression of eukaryotic genes is that it is a prokaryote, and therefore lacks the membrane-bound nucleus (and other organelles) found in eukaryotic cells. This means that certain eukaryotic genes may not function in E.

What happens during gene expression in prokaryotes that does not happen in eukaryotes?

Prokaryotic gene expression (both transcription and translation) occurs within the cytoplasm of a cell due to the lack of a defined nucleus; thus, the DNA is freely located within the cytoplasm. Eukaryotic gene expression occurs in both the nucleus (transcription) and cytoplasm (translation).

Why is gene expression more complicated in eukaryotes than it is in prokaryotes?

Eukaryotic gene expression is more complex than prokaryotic gene expression because the processes of transcription and translation are physically separated. Unlike prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells can regulate gene expression at many different levels.

What can affect gene expression in eukaryotes?

Gene expression in eukaryotes is influenced by a wide variety of mechanisms, including the loss, amplification, and rearrangement of genes. Genes are differentially transcribed, and the RNA transcripts are variably utilized. Multigene families regulate the amount, the diversity, and the timing of gene expression.

What are the major problems when manufacturing proteins in bacteria?

Plasmid loss and antibiotic-based maintenance, undesired chemical inducers of gene expression, plasmid/protein-mediated metabolic burden and stress responses, lack of post-translational modifications (including the inability to form disulphide bonds), none or poor secretion, protein aggregation and proteolytic …

How do eukaryotic cells regulate gene expression?

Gene expression in eukaryotic cells is regulated by repressors as well as by transcriptional activators. Like their prokaryotic counterparts, eukaryotic repressors bind to specific DNA sequences and inhibit transcription. Other repressors compete with activators for binding to specific regulatory sequences.

How do eukaryotic organisms regulate the process of translation?

Eukaryotic organisms express a subset of the DNA that is encoded in any given cell. In each cell type, the type and amount of protein is regulated by controlling gene expression. To express a protein, the DNA is first transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into proteins.

Why do eukaryotes have a more complex system of gene regulation?

Eukaryotes have a more complex system of gene regulation than prokaryotes because eukaryotic gene expression requires more steps. Each level of gene expression—transcription, post-transcription, translation, and post-translation—has its own regulation.

How gene expression is regulated in prokaryotes?

Prokaryotic cells can only regulate gene expression by controlling the amount of transcription. It therefore became possible to control gene expression by regulating transcription in the nucleus, and also by controlling the RNA levels and protein translation present outside the nucleus.

Which eukaryotic genes would be a poor choice for protein expression in bacteria?

A gene containing introns, because bacteria cannot perform splicing. e. All eukaryotic genes would be a poor choice, because vectors are not big enough to contain eukaryotic genes.