What is glutamic acid changed to in sickle cell anemia?
Sickle cell disease is associated with the inversion of one base pair (A = T → A = T). The sixth codon of the beta globin chain [GAA] becomes [GTA]. Accordingly, the sixth amino acid (glutamic acid, negatively charged) is replaced by valine, hydrophobic.
What does glutamic acid do in hemoglobin?
Glutamic acid is a negatively charged amino acid and thus prevents red blood cells from sickling. The pathophysiology involves polymerization of deoxygenated HbS, which forms long fibers within erythrocytes and thus creates distortion of cell morphology.
What happens when glutamic acid is replaced by valine?
Sickle cell anemia results from the single amino acid substitution of valine for glutamic acid in the beta-chain owing to a nucleotide defect that causes the production of abnormal beta-chains in hemoglobin S.
Are glutamic acid and valine similar?
Valine is a hydrophobic amino acid, whereas glutamic acid is hydrophilic: as position 6 of the β globin is externally situated, the solubility of the HbS molecule is much reduced compared to HbA, especially in the deoxygenated state. Deoxy-HbS polymerizes the contact points between molecules involving the β6 valines.
What is the difference between valine and glutamic acid?
Valine and Glutamic Acid Valine’s side chain is made up entirely of carbon and hydrogen, while glutamic acid’s side chain has oxygen in it as well, and is acidic. The major differences between valine and glutamic acid side chains mean they behave very differently in protein.
Which amino acid is responsible for sickle cell disease?
Sickle-cell disease is caused by a single point mutation (a missense mutation) in the beta-haemoglobin gene that converts a GAG codon into GUG, which encodes the amino acid valine rather than glutamic acid. So, the correct answer is ‘Valine for glutamic acid in a beta chain’. Answer verified by Toppr Upvote (0)
What is the cause of sickle cell anemia?
Sickle Cell Anemia is a condition due to production of abnormal Haemoglobin (HbS). Here, Adenine is substituted by Thymidine (GAG->GTG) in the 6th codon of the gene coding for Beta-globin. Consequently, this point mutation causes Glutamic acid to be replaced by Valine and this causes changes in the stability of the Hb molecule.
Where does valine replace glutamic acid in the β-globin?
Glutamic acid is replaced by valine at position 7 (counting the meth start) of the β-globin. A single mutation causes GAG to GTG causing a transcription in the template strand into a GUG codon. Sending should be simple. Print, send, save with SendPro Online®.
What is the substitute for glutamic acid in a beta chain?
So, the correct answer is ‘Valine for glutamic acid in a beta chain’. Was this answer helpful? The Fish Tale Across the Wall Tenths and HundredthsParts and Whole Can you see the Pattern?