Table of Contents
How is an ultrasonic transducer made?
An ultrasonic transducer is made up of an active element, a backing, and wearplate. The active element is a piezoelectric or single crystal material which converts electrical energy to ultrasonic energy. It will also then receives back ultrasonic energy and converts it to electrical energy.
What are the materials used in transducer?
At the heart of a transducer is a piezoelectric material or an electroacoustic transduction principle. The main piezoelectric materials, lead zirconium titanate (PZT), composites, and domain-engineered single crystals are compared in terms of design trade-offs.
How piezoelectric transducer produces ultrasonic waves?
Crystals of materials such as quartz vibrate very fast when electricity is passed through them—an effect called “piezoelectricity.” As they vibrate, they manipulate the air around them and the fluids they come in contact with, producing ultrasound waves.
How do ultrasonic transducers work?
Ultrasonic sensors work by sending out a sound wave at a frequency above the range of human hearing. The transducer of the sensor acts as a microphone to receive and send the ultrasonic sound. Our ultrasonic sensors, like many others, use a single transducer to send a pulse and to receive the echo.
How do you make an ultrasonic sound wave?
Ultrasonic sound can be produced by transducers which operate either by the piezoelectric effect or the magnetostrictive effect. The magnetostrictive transducers can be used to produce high intensity ultrasonic sound in the 20-40 kHz range for ultrasonic cleaning and other mechanical applications.
What is an ultrasonic transducer?
Trancducers are devices or components that can convert energy in one form to the other. For eg. From mechanical to electrical. In our case we deal in Ultrasonic transducers which simply means that these type of transducers convert ultrasonic waves to equivalent electrical signals or vice versa. Simple as that. Ok, lets split those words.
How to choose the right transducer for your project?
When buying the transducer, make sure that is has a 113-kHz (±3 kHz) resonance frequency — another popular transducer has a 1.65-MHz (±0.05 MHz) resonance frequency, which is not compatible with this project! Below is the circuit diagram of the final part of the project — the transducer driver.
How does a sound transducer work?
The transducer contains acoustic insulation that ensures that no other sound waves affect the transducer. The crystals are supported by a backing layer that suppresses the vibrations of the crystals, allowing sound waves to be sent out in shorter pulses and this improves resolution (discussed below).
How to operate a transducer at resonance?
To operate the transducer at resonance, it must be driven with a high-frequency AC signal. The best way of determining the resonant frequency is to plot an impedance spectrum of the transducer.